The Two-Echelon Routing Problem constitutes a class of combinatorial optimization problems with applications in many different fields such as city logistic planning, intermodal transportation, postal and parcel delivery distribution systems and so on. This thesis contains: a survey of the main contributions related to the two-echelon routing, focusing on the Two-Echelon Location Routing Problem...

This paper aims to compare a two-echelon and a single-echelon distribution system. A mathematical model for the Single-Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (SE-CVRP) is proposed. This SE-CVRP is the counterpart of Two-Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (2E-CVRP) introduced in the authors’ previous work. The proposed mathematical model is Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming (MIN...

Multi-echelon distribution systems are quite common in supply-chain and logistic systems. They are used by public administrations in their transportation and traffic planning strategies as well as by companies to model their distribution systems. In the literature, most of the studies address issues related to the movement of flows throughout the system from their origins to their final destina...

In allusion to such problems as low accuracy and long convergence time in traditional two-echelon vehicle routing optimization algorithm, a Memetic algorithm (QDEMA) based on Q learning theory and differential evolution is proposed in this article to solve above problems. Firstly, it is necessary to research the two-echelon vehicle routing optimization problem and adopt the optimal segmentation...

In Multi-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problems the delivery from one or more depots to the customers is managed by routing and consolidating the freight through intermediate depots, called satellites. This family of problems differs from Multi-Echelon Distribution Systems present in the literature. In the latter the attention is focused on the flow assignment among the levels only, while we also con...

Multi-echelon distribution systems are quite common in supply-chain and logistic management. They are used by public administrations in their transportation and traffic planning strategies as well as by companies to model their distribution systems. In the literature, most studies address issues related to the movement of flows throughout the system from the origins to their final destinations....